厚厚的有毒雾霾常常笼罩着河内的天空，使能见度降到不足1英里。当北京的污染情况变得非常糟糕时，孩子们要么待在家里不去上学，要么在课间时也要待在教室里。上海的一位母亲说，她要花很大力气才能让孩子戴上防护性的口罩。
Thick layers of toxic smog often blanket the skies in Hanoi, limiting visibility to less than a mile away. When the pollution gets really bad in Beijing, children are kept home from school or restricted to classrooms during recess. In Shanghai, a mother says she struggles to get her child to wear a protective mask.
居住在污染最严重城市的《纽约时报》读者，向我们分享了如何应对有毒雾霾的故事。我们收到了100多份回复，以下是从中挑选出的部分内容，文字经过编辑和精简。
New York Times readers living in the most polluted cities in the world shared with us how they manage in the face of toxic smog. What follows is a selection of the more than 100 responses received. They have been edited and condensed.
一些读者说，他们查看空气污染读数的频率比天气预报还，还有些读者称自己很幸运，能够买得起昂贵的空气净化器，放在自己家里。
Some readers said they checked air pollution levels more than the weather, while others said they were lucky to be able to afford costly air purifiers for their homes.
你对空气污染有什么感受？我们邀请你在评论中分享自己的体验。请注明你的居住城市。
What is your experience with air pollution? We invite you to share your experience in the comments. Please include where you live.
将小孩留在室内
Keeping Children Inside
丽娜·法罗(Lina Farrow)，37岁，中国苏州，有5岁和8个月的小孩
Lina Farrow, 37, in Suzhou, China. Children ages 5 years and 8 months
我们的一切活动都围绕着空气污染程度来安排。每天早上查看空气污染程度是惯例，这决定了当天做什么和怎么做，尤其是周末。
All of our activities are planned around the air pollution levels. Checking the pollution levels every morning is routine, and that determines what we do and how we do it, especially during the weekends.
我的孩子很小，很难跟他们解释为什么不能出去到公园里骑踏板车或踢足球。在污染程度较高但不算特别可怕的日子，我们会带孩子到商场的游乐区玩，而不是到户外。
I have young children and it is difficult to explain why we can’t go out so they can ride their scooters or simply kick a football in the park. On polluted days when it is high but not horrendous, we have to take the kids to the play areas in the malls, rather than go outdoors.
特丽·施瓦茨贝克(Terri Schwartzbeck)，41岁，北京，有6岁和10岁的小孩
Terri Schwartzbeck, 41, in Beijing.Children ages 6 and 10
我们更注重好好利用“空气好”的日子，例如告诉孩子们到外面去，到户外玩耍和运动，因为在空气糟糕的时候待在室内是无法改变的现实。
We are more focused on taking advantage of a “good air day,” i.e. telling the kids to go outside and play and exercising outdoors, because staying inside when the air is bad is a fact of life.
如果空气质量指数达到某一水平，所有国际学校都会有限制，也就是说孩子们课间时必须在室内活动，在室内吃午餐。学校用两次响铃示意，而不是平常的一次响铃。孩子们都知道要注意听那两次铃声。
All international schools have restrictions if the Air Quality Index reaches a certain level, meaning that children must play indoors at recess and lunch. It’s signaled by two bells instead of one. The kids all know to listen for those two bells.
影响健康
Worsening Health
吴一帆（音），22岁，中国南京
Wu Yifan, 22, in Nanjing, China.
自从我从郊区搬到城区起，我就患上了过敏性鼻炎。有雾霾的时候，我的鼻子非常难受，甚至都无法呼吸。整个城市被雾霾吞没时，我也会感觉很压抑。
I have been the victim of allergic rhinitis since I moved from the suburbs to the city. When the smog appears, my nose feels very bad. I can’t even breathe. I also feel very depressed when the city is engulfed with smog.
我没有对自己的日常生活作出任何改变。不过，作为一名插画师，我会创作一些作品，希望借此能让人们持续关注这个问题，而不仅仅是抱怨、试着忘记，或是假装问题不存在。
I haven’t made any changes to my daily routine. However, as an illustrator, I make art hoping that people will constantly pay attention to the problem instead of just complaining, trying to forget about it, and pretending that it doesn’t exist.
昂贵的支出
Paying Dearly
帕那查伊尔·雅各布·瓦基斯(Panachayil Jacob Varughese)，33岁，印度喀拉拉邦锡鲁万纳塔普拉姆
Panachayil Jacob Varughese, 33, in Trivandrum, Kerala, India.
我们买了一台空气净化器，过去几个月一直在用，不过只是在卧室里。我们没有多买几台，因为它们非常贵，掏钱购买之前我们可能得再三考虑。
We purchased an air purifier and have been using it for the past few months, albeit only in the bedroom. We are not purchasing more air filters as they are pretty pricey, and we may have to think twice before putting our money there.
我们还为全家人购买了专门的医疗保险计划，以防出现严重的健康问题。这样我们就安心了。
We have also purchased a special health insurance package for the whole family. It gives us peace of mind in case we develop severe health problems.
苏拉比·斯里瓦斯塔瓦(Surabhi Srivastava)，26岁，新德里
Surabhi Srivastava, 26, in New Delhi.
我现在每天都用类似围巾这样的东西，来遮住鼻子和嘴巴，但要想防止自己吸入有害空气，它的心理作用大于实际效果。我想买个口罩和/或空气净化器，但它们相当昂贵，尽管短期内可能有用，但新德里的空气污染是个结构性问题，需要更全面的长期解决方案。
I now use sort of a scarf every day to cover my nose and mouth, but it has more psychological benefits than actual practical benefits in terms of protecting myself from the harmful air I breathe. I would like to buy a mask and/or an air purifier, but they are quite expensive, and while they might be useful in the short term, air pollution in New Delhi is a structural problem that requires a more comprehensive long-term solution.
呼吸困难
Struggling to Breathe
普雷斯利·梅勒(Presly Mellor)，中国苏州
Presly Mellor in Suzhou, China.
我经常查看空气质量，并决定当天是否值得外出。
I’m constantly checking the air quality and deciding whether or not it’s worth going outside that day.
如果我得去上班，我就咬紧牙关以最快的速度走路，走到有空气净化器的办公室里。
If I have to go to work, I bite the bullet and walk as fast as I can so I get to my work with the air purifiers.
搬离北京
Making a Move
利兹·瓦尼亚克(Lise Wagnac)，北京
Lise Wagnac in Beijing.
因为健康问题，我很快就要离开北京，前往东部的浙江宁波。过去六个月我一直住在北京，从来到北京的第一个星期起，我就感觉到了影响。我患上了慢性胸痛，每天呼吸都很困难。在搬到北京以前，我从未意识到过污染的影响。
I will be leaving Beijing soon to move to Ningbo, in the eastern province of Zhejiang, because of my health. I have been living in Beijing for the past six months, and from the first week I moved here, I’ve felt the effects. I’ve had chronic chest pain and a hard time breathing on a daily basis. I never realized the impact of pollution before moving to Beijing.
避免外出
Staying Indoors
孙天，14岁，北京朝阳区
Sun Tian, 14, in Beijing.
以下是读者孙天用中文提交的评论。
Translated from Chinese to English:
在班里和家里都有净化器。其中班里的是同学们大约30人集资买的，一共两台。
About 30 of us pooled together the money to buy the air purifier in our classroom. We have two.
雾霾天我一般尽量避免外出，在班里保持窗户关闭，在楼道里如果遇到开着的窗户和门，我会试着去关好。但有时遇到在较高地方的窗户，就有些困难了。
On days when the smog is bad, we avoid going outside. We make sure the windows are sealed shut. If I see an open window or door in the hallway, I try to close it. But some windows are too high up for me to reach.
夏可喜·塔瓦尔(Sakshi Talwar)，31岁，新德里
Sakshi Talwar, 31, in New Delhi.
两年前，我还能在清晨骑着自行车四处闲逛，但现在不可能了。感觉像在吸入烟雾一样。
Two years ago I was able to bike around in the early mornings, but that’s not possible now. It feels like inhaling smoke.
米歇尔·钟(Michelle Chung)，23岁，北京长大，现居纽约
Michelle Chung, 23, in New York, grew up in Beijing.
我们经常会乘坐公共交通工具，但现在，延长暴露于外界空气的时间是不值得的。我的家人不再开窗户了。讽刺的是，新鲜空气并非来自窗外，而是来自放在各个角落里的四台空气净化器。他们也早就不再到家附近的公园散步，或在街上骑自行车了。
We would often take public transportation, but now that is just not worth the extended exposure to the outside air. My family no longer opens their windows. Ironically, fresh air does not come from outside. It comes from the four air purifiers we have in every corner of our house. Long gone are the days where they would go for a stroll in the park next to our apartment or take a bike ride on the streets.
避免户外运动
Restricting Activity
丹·巴克利(Dan Buckley)，35岁，越南河内
Dan Buckley, 35, in Hanoi, Vietnam.
我在户外会戴上口罩，但有些影响无法摆脱：头痛、喉咙痒痛、肺部疼痛。即使尽一切努力让门窗紧闭，也不可能防止糟糕的空气进入家中或办公室。
I’ll wear a mask outside, however some effects are impossible to escape: headaches, irritated throat, sore lungs. Even with all the efforts in sealing leaky doors and windows, it is not possible to prevent all the bad air from entering your house or office.
我和妻子变成了空气质量布道者，我们经常建议同事和朋友戴口罩或避免某些活动。
My wife and I have become air quality evangelists. We frequently recommend to colleagues and friends using a mask or avoiding certain activities.
通勤困难
Battling Traffic
安杰拉·宋(Angela Sung)，28岁，上海
Angela Sung, 28, in Shanghai.
我刚从洛杉矶搬到上海时，骑摩托车的时候戴口罩。在40分钟的通勤之后，我经常会感到头痛。
When I first moved to Shanghai from Los Angeles, I didn’t wear a mask when I rode my scooter, and I would often get a headache after my 40-minute commute.
后来，口罩的确起到了作用，但我的眼睛现在成了最大的问题。我不知道空气污染微粒是否影响我的视力，但在上海住了一年半之后，我的视力明显变差。在骑摩托车的时候，我的眼睛还会感到刺痛。
The masks really helped me later on, but my eyes are the biggest problem now. I am not sure if the air pollution particles could effect my vision, but my vision has gotten visibly worse after staying in Shanghai for one and a half years. My eyes also get extremely irritated when riding the scooter.
尼希卡·德席尔瓦(Nishika D’Silva)，22岁，孟买
Nishika D’Silva, 22, in Mumbai.
对我来说，感冒和咳嗽成了家常便饭，每隔三到六个星期就会来一次，而过去是每年出现三到四次。我用围巾遮住鼻子和头发，只要有可能，就选择有空调的出租车或Uber出行，因为乘坐人力车穿梭于车流中非常可怕。
Colds and coughs have become common for me every three to six weeks as opposed to getting a cold and cough three to four times a year. I wear a scarf to cover my nose and hair, and choose to travel by an air-conditioned cab or Uber whenever possible because taking a rickshaw through traffic is horrible.
向往蓝天
Appreciating Blue Skies
迈克·迪安杰洛(Mike DeAngelo)，29岁，北京
Mike DeAngelo, 29, in Beijing.
在雾霾最严重的时候，我要压抑得多。几个星期前，我们在北京遭遇了一轮最严重的雾霾，那五天时间里，我们就像走在核冬天一样。我已经学会不要把蓝天当作理所当然，因为很遗憾，它们是例外而非常态。
During the worst smog, I’m far more depressed. In the throes of the most severe bout of smog we suffered in Beijing a few weeks ago, it was five days of walking around in what looked like a nuclear winter. I’ve learned to not take our blue skies for granted as they’re the exception, not the rule, unfortunately.
在我来中国以前，我从未仔细考虑过空气质量的问题。我想清洁空气是很多人都视为理所当然的东西。
Before I moved to China, I never thought twice about air quality. I think clean air is something that a lot of people take for granted.
我在这里住了四个多月，几乎每天都在生病。
I’ve lived here for over 4 months, and I’ve been sick almost every day.
担心未来
Worrying What's Next
妮可·舍费尔-麦克丹尼尔(Nicole Schaefer-McDaniel)，37岁，蒙古国乌兰巴托
Nicole Schaefer-McDaniel, 37, in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.
我担心我的孩子们出现健康问题。很多孩子会在冬天患上肺炎和其他呼吸道疾病。我担心我和丈夫也出现类似的健康问题，但我最担心的是住在满是蒙古包的社区的居民，在城市的那片区域，人们整天都在烧煤取暖。人们都生活在这种污染之中，而我还有逃离这个奢侈的选项，可以住在城市中更清洁的区域。
I worry about my kids developing health problems. Many kids have pneumonia and other respiratory problems in the winter. I worry about me and my husband developing similar health problems, but I am mostly worried about the residents in the ger district, the part of town where coal is burned all day long so people can keep warm. People live in this pollution while I have the luxury of escaping to live in a cleaner part of town.