疾病预防控制中心建议：6个月以上的人群需要打流感疫苗。建议流感疫苗与现有流感疫苗每年都略有变化，所以我们为您提供了2018-2019年流感疫苗备忘录。
The CDC recommends a flu shot for everybody from six-month-old babies on up. The recommendations and available vaccines change slightly each year, so we've got your cheat sheet for the 2018-2019 flu season.
可以选择哪些疫苗？
What are my options?
流感疫苗有不同类型，但大多数健康的成年人都无需过于担心哪种疫苗治疗哪种流感。无论去哪一家诊所，打诊所里现有的流感疫苗都是没有问题的。今年，大多数疫苗都是四价的，也就是说它们可以抵御四种而非三种类型的流感。现有的疫苗类型包括：
There are a few different kinds of flu shots, but most healthy adults don't have to worry too much about which is which. It's okay to go with whatever flu shot is at the clinic where you show up. This year, most shots will be quadrivalent, meaning they protect against four (rather than three) different types of flu. The vaccine versions that are out there include:
用针注射的常规疫苗（三价或四价）。用注射器注射的常规疫苗。对于老年人来说（他们的免疫系统对常规疫苗没多大反应），需要注射高剂量的流感疫苗和辅助疫苗。
Regular vaccines delivered with a needle (trivalent or quadrivalent). Regular vaccines delivered with a jet injector. For older folks (whose immune systems don't respond as well to the regular vaccine), high dose flu shots and flu shots with adjuvant.
此外，鼻腔喷雾又回来啦！但是，今年没有用微针进行皮下注射的皮内疫苗，真的很抱歉。
The nasal spray is back. The intradermal vaccine, delivered with a tiny needle under the skin, is not available this year. Sorry.
因为研究表明鼻腔喷雾剂无法提供足够的保护，所以过去两个流感季，一直都不能使用鼻腔喷雾（将疫苗喷入鼻子，而非注射到手臂中）。现而今，鼻腔喷雾剂又回来了，尽管美国儿科学会指出，他们建议儿童使用注射疫苗而非鼻腔喷雾。
The nasal spray (squirted up your nose, instead of being injected into your arm) was all-but-unavailable for the last two seasons, after studies showed it didn't give enough protection. Now it's back, although the American Academy of Pediatrics notes that they recommend the injectable over the nasal for children.
打疫苗的费用？
How much does it cost?
几乎不用花钱。根据平价医疗法案计划，保险公司必须免费为您提供流感疫苗（无免赔额，无共同保险，无任何费用）。但也要与诊所进行确认：你的保险是否涵盖诊所设施费以及诊所使用的特定疫苗费--保险必须涵盖一种流感疫苗，而非每种疫苗。
Usually nothing. Your insurance provider is required, under the ACA, to cover flu vaccines at no extra cost to you (no deductible, no coinsurance, nothing). Just double check with the clinic that your insurance covers their facility and the particular vaccine that's being used-they have to cover a flu vaccine, not every flu vaccine.
如果你必须自掏腰包，每支流感疫苗大约花费30美元，但售价取决于品牌和药房。高剂量疫苗的价格可能会更高些。
If you do have to pay out of pocket, flu shots cost around $30, but that varies by brand and by pharmacy. High dose shots may cost more.
打疫苗的时间点是否重要？
Does it matter when I get it?
如果你的孩子第一次打疫苗，那他/她需要打两次，每隔四周一次。最好从10月份开始，因为直到打了第二针，他们才会完全受到保护--但再次重申：打迟了总比不打好。
If your child is getting the flu vaccine for the first time, they'll need two doses, given four weeks apart. You'll want to start that process in October, since they won't be fully protected until the second shot kicks in-but, again, better late than never.