The birth of tragedy The Birth Of Tragedy 142nd tragedy audience

2016-08-23 「 4156 words / 8 minute 」
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所以,随着悲剧的再生,审美观众也复活了。
Thus the aesthetic listener is also reborn with the rebirth of tragedy.
以前,代替他们坐在剧场里的观众,往往是道貌岸然自命博学的quidproquo(鱼目混珠)的怪人,即所谓“批评家”。
In his place in the theater, a curious quid pro quo used to sit with half moral and halfscholarly pretensions--the "critic."
以前,在他的范围内,一切都是矫揉粉饰的生活假象。
Everything in his sphere so far has been artificial and merely whitewashed with an appearance of life.
演剧的艺术家真不知如何对付这样吹毛求疵的观众;所以演员,以及鼓舞他的剧作家或曲作家,都要煞费苦心地在这样无聊、自负、不识鉴赏的观众身上,寻找一点残余的情趣。
The performing artist was really at a loss how to deal with a listener who comported himself so critically; so he, as well as the dramatist or operatic composer who inspired him, searched anxiously for the last remains of life in a being so pretentiously barren and incapable of enjoyment.
然而,向来就是这类“批评家”构成观众:中学生,小学生,甚至最无害的妇女,已经不知不觉地被教育和刊物养成这样的艺术观。
So far, however, such "critics" have constituted the audience: the student, the schoolboy, even the innocuous female had been unwittingly prepared by education and newspapers for this kind of perception of works of art.
艺术家中的优秀份子,对付这样观众,唯有指望唤起他们的道德宗教情操;在其实应该以强烈艺术感染力使真正观众心荡神驰的场合,剧作家反而要乞援于道德世界的秩序,或则要鲜明地刻划一些重大的,至少是激动人心的,当代政治社会倾向,例如,爱国运动或战争时代,国会辩论或犯罪裁判,使观众忘记了挑剔而被这类感情吸引;——这已经去艺术的真正目的甚远,而必然直接陷于对这种倾向的迷信。然而,向来一切假艺术所遭遇的命运,在这里发生了:这些倾向非常迅速地衰落了,
Confronted with such a public, the nobler natures among the artists counted upon exciting their moral-religious emotions, and the appeal to the moral world-order intervened vicariously where some powerful artistic magic ought to enrapture the genuine listener. Or some more imposing, or at all events exciting, trend of the contemporary political and social world was so vividly presented by the dramatist that the listener could forget his critical exhaustion and abandon himself to emotions similar to those felt in patriotic or warlike moments, or before the tribune of parliament, or at the condemnation of crime and vice--an alienation from the true aims of art that sometimes had to result in an outright cult of tendentiousness.
譬如,使用戏剧为民众教育的手段,这种倾向,在席勒时代是严肃对待的,现在已落于不足为训的古风废习之列。
The attempt, for example, to use the theater as an institution for the moral education of the people, still taken seriously in Schiller's time, is already reckoned among the incredible antiques of a dated type of education.
当批评家雄霸于剧场和音乐厅,当新闻记者控制了学校,报纸支配了社会,那时艺术便沦为茶余酒后的闲谈,审美批评被目为结团虚荣、狂乱、自私、加以毫无创见的可怜虫之手段。叔本毕曾用豪猪来比喻这种人的性格;
While the critic got the upper hand in the theater and concert hall, the journalist in theschools, and the press in society, art degenerated into a particularly lowly topic of conversation, and aesthetic criticism was used as a means of uniting a vain, distracted, selfish, and moreover piteously unoriginal sociability whose character is suggested by Schopenhauer's parable of the porcupines.
其结果,是艺术从来没有被人谈论这么多,但受人敬重这么少。
As a result, art has never been so much talked about and so little esteemed.
然而,我们还能够交上一个懂得谈论贝多芬或莎士比亚的朋友吗?
But is it still possible to have intercourse with a person capable of conversing about Beethoven or Shakespeare?
让每个人照自己的感想答复这个问题吧:他无论如何会用他的答案表示他对“文化”的认识,要是他至少肯尝试解答这问题,而不是瞠目结舌,哑口无言的话。
Let each answer this question according to his own feelings: he will at any rate show by his answer his conception of "culture," provided he at least tries to answer the question, and has not already become dumbfounded with astonishment.
另一方面,许多得天独厚的人,虽则已经逐渐变成批评的蛮子,有如上述,但他们也许还会谈谈例如“罗恩格林”的成功表演对他们产生那料想不到莫明其妙的影响:
On the other hand, many a being more nobly and delicately endowed by nature, though he may have gradually become a critical barbarian in the manner described, might have something to say about the unexpected as well as totally unintelligible effect that a successful performance of Lohengrin, for example, had on him-
不过这也许因为没有任何人的手在指点他,提携他,所以当时使他激动的种种不可思议,无可比拟的感觉,始终是独立的,宛若一颗神秘的星光,在刹间一闪之后,便熄灭了。
-except that perhaps there was no helpful interpreting hand to guide him; so the incomprehensibly different and altogether incomparable sensation that thrilled him remained isolated and, like a mysterious star, became extinct after a short period of brilliance.
然而,唯有那时,他才揣摩到审美观众的心情。
But it was then that he had an inkling of what an aesthetic listener is.